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Test ID: MPS2Z Hunter Syndrome, Full Gene Analysis, Varies

Reporting Name

Hunter Syndrome, Full Gene Analysis

Useful For

Confirmation of a diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome)

 

Carrier testing when there is a family history of mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome), but disease-causing variants have not been previously identified

Clinical Information

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS-II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare X-linked condition caused by variants in the IDS gene. MPS-II is characterized by reduced or absent activity of the iduronate 2-sulfatase enzyme.

 

The clinical features and severity of symptoms of MPS-II are widely variable, ranging from severe disease to an attenuated form, which generally presents at a later onset with a milder clinical presentation. In general, symptoms may include coarse facies, short stature, enlarged liver and spleen, joint contractures, cardiac disease, and profound neurologic involvement leading to developmental delays and regression. Female carriers are usually asymptomatic.

 

The IDS gene is located on the X chromosome and has 9 exons and is the only known gene to be associated with MPS-II. The recommended first-tier test for mucopolysaccharidosis type II is biochemical testing that measures iduronate 2-sulfatase enzyme activity in blood: I2SW / Iduronate-2-Sulfatase, Whole Blood or blood spots: I2SBS / Iduronate-2-Sulfatase, Blood Spot.

 

Individuals with decreased or absent enzyme activity are more likely to have a variant in the IDS gene identifiable by molecular genetic testing. However, enzymatic testing is not reliable to detect carriers. Additionally, measurement of mucopolysaccharides in blood can aid in diagnosis and ongoing therapeutic monitoring (MPSBS / Mucopolysaccharidosis, Blood Spot).

Interpretation

All detected alterations are evaluated according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendations.(1) Variants are classified based on known, predicted, or possible pathogenicity and reported with interpretive comments detailing their potential or known significance.

Reflex Tests

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
CULFB Fibroblast Culture for Genetic Test Yes No

Testing Algorithm

For skin biopsy or cultured fibroblast specimens, fibroblast culture testing will be performed at an additional charge. If viable cells are not obtained, the client will be notified.

 

For more information see the following:

-Lysosomal Storage Disorders Diagnostic Algorithm, Part 1.

-Newborn Screening Follow up for Mucopolysaccharidosis type II

Report Available

14 to 20 days

Day(s) Performed

Varies

Clinical Reference

1. Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al: Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015 May;17(5):405-424

2. Martin R, Beck M, Eng C, et al: Recognition and diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):e377-386

3. Wraith JE, Scarpa M, Beck M, et al: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): a clinical review and recommendations for treatment in the era of enzyme replacement therapy. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167(3):267-277

Method Name

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by DNA Sequencing

Specimen Type

Varies


Ordering Guidance


First-tier testing for mucopolysaccharidosis type II is available. Order either I2SW / Iduronate-2-Sulfatase, Whole Blood or I2SBS / Iduronate-2-Sulfatase, Blood Spot. Be aware that these tests are not reliable for carrier testing.

 

For diagnostic testing or monitoring ongoing therapy, order MPSBS / Mucopolysaccharidosis, Blood Spot.



Shipping Instructions


Specimen preferred to arrive within 96 hours of collection.



Specimen Required


Patient Preparation: A previous bone marrow transplant from an allogenic donor will interfere with testing. Call 800-533-1710 for instructions for testing patients who have received a bone marrow transplant.

 

Submit only 1 of the following specimens:

 

Preferred:

Specimen Type: Whole blood

Container/Tube:

Preferred: Lavender top (EDTA) or yellow top (ACD)

Acceptable: Any anticoagulant

Specimen Volume: 3 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Invert several times to mix blood.

2. Send whole blood specimen in original tube. Do not aliquot.

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated

 

Specimen Type: Cultured fibroblasts

Container/Tube: T-75 or T-25 flask

Specimen Volume: 1 Full T-75 flask or 2 full T-25 flasks

Specimen Stability Information: Ambient (preferred)/Refrigerated <24 hours

Additional Information: A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Biochemical or Molecular Testing. An additional 3 to 4 weeks is required to culture fibroblasts before genetic testing can occur.

 

Specimen Type: Skin biopsy

Supplies: Fibroblast Biopsy Transport Media (T115)

Container/Tube: Sterile container with any standard cell culture media (eg, minimal essential media, RPMI 1640). The solution should be supplemented with 1% penicillin and streptomycin.

Specimen Volume: 4-mm punch

Specimen Stability Information: Refrigerated (preferred)/Ambient

Additional Information: A separate culture charge will be assessed under CULFB / Fibroblast Culture for Biochemical or Molecular Testing. An additional 3 to 4 weeks is required to culture fibroblasts before genetic testing can occur.

 

Specimen Type: Blood spot

Supplies: Card - Blood Spot Collection (Filter Paper) (T493)

Container/Tube:

Preferred: Collection card (Whatman Protein Saver 903 Paper)

Acceptable: PerkinElmer 226 (formerly Ahlstrom 226) filter paper, or blood spot collection card

Specimen Volume: 2 to 5 Blood spots

Collection Instructions:

1. An alternative blood collection option for a patient older than 1 year is a fingerstick. For detailed instructions, see How to Collect Dried Blood Spot Samples.

2. Let blood dry on the filter paper at ambient temperature in a horizontal position for a minimum of 3 hours.

3. Do not expose specimen to heat or direct sunlight.

4. Do not stack wet specimens.

5. Keep specimen dry.

Additional Information:

1. Due to lower concentration of DNA yielded from blood spot, it is possible that additional specimen may be required to complete testing.

2. For collection instructions, see Blood Spot Collection Instructions

3. For collection instructions in Spanish, see Blood Spot Collection Card-Spanish Instructions (T777)

4. For collection instructions in Chinese, see Blood Spot Collection Card-Chinese Instructions (T800)


Specimen Minimum Volume

Blood: 1 mL
Blood Spots: 5 punches, 3-mm diameter

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Varies Varies

Reference Values

An interpretive report will be provided.

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

81405-IDS (iduronate 2-sulfatase) (eg, mucopolysacchridosis, type II), full gene sequence

88233-Tissue culture, skin, or solid tissue biopsy (if appropriate)

88240-Cryopreservation (if appropriate)

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
MPS2Z Hunter Syndrome, Full Gene Analysis 76030-6

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
53526 Result Summary 50397-9
53527 Result 82939-0
53528 Interpretation 69047-9
53529 Additional Information 48767-8
53530 Specimen 31208-2
53531 Source 31208-2
53532 Released By 18771-6

Forms

1. New York Clients-Informed consent is required. Document on the request form or electronic order that a copy is on file. The following documents are available in Special Instructions:

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing (T576)

-Informed Consent for Genetic Testing-Spanish (T826)

2. Molecular Genetics: Biochemical Disorders Patient Information (T527) in Special Instructions

3. If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Biochemical Genetics Test Request (T798) with the specimen.