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HelpTest ID: PNRP Pneumocystis jiroveci, Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies
Reporting Name
Pneumocystis PCRUseful For
Preferred test for detection of Pneumocystis
Clinical Information
Pneumocystis pneumonia is an important cause of opportunistic infection in patients who are immunocompromised, particularly those with HIV. The causative agent, Pneumocystis jiroveci, cannot be cultured in vitro, and, therefore, laboratory detection has historically relied upon microscopic identification directly from patient specimens using fluorescent stains or antibodies. Stains often lack sensitivity and require expertise on the part of the reader to differentiate Pneumocystis jiroveci from staining artifacts and other fungi. This real-time polymerase chain reaction assay provides a sensitive and specific detection of Pneumocystis from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and other respiratory specimens.
Interpretation
A positive result indicates the presence of Pneumocystis DNA.
A negative result indicates the absence of detectable Pneumocystis DNA.
Report Available
1 to 3 daysDay(s) Performed
Monday through Sunday
Clinical Reference
1. Senecal J, Smyth E, Del Corpo O, et al: Non-invasive diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Jan;28(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.08.017
2. Apostolopoulou A, Fishman JA: The pathogenesis and diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Nov 5;8(11):1167. doi: 10.3390/jof8111167
3. Fishman JA. Pneumocystis jiroveci. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Feb;41(1):141-157. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3399559
Method Name
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Specimen Type
VariesAdditional Testing Requirements
Shipping Instructions
Specimen must arrive within 7 days of collection; specimens older than 7 days will be rejected.
Necessary Information
Specimen source is required.
Specimen Required
The high sensitivity of amplification by polymerase chain reaction requires the specimen to be processed in an environment in which contamination of the specimen by Pneumocystis species DNA is unlikely.
Preferred Specimens: Pleural, respiratory (eg, bronchoalveolar lavage [BAL], bronchial washing, sputum), or fresh tissue
Acceptable Specimens: If no fresh specimen is available, digested respiratory specimens treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC/NaOH) are acceptable (eg, BAL, bronchial washing, respiratory fluid, sputum, or tracheal secretion)
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Preferred
Specimen Type: Body fluid
Sources: Pleural
Container/Tube: Sterile container
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Additional Information: Only fresh, non-NALC/NaOH-digested body fluid is acceptable.
Specimen Type: Respiratory
Sources: BAL, bronchial washing, tracheal secretions, or sputum
Container/Tube: Sterile container
Specimen Volume: 1 mL if only PCR ordered or 3 mL if PCR ordered with smear and culture
Specimen Type: Tissue
Sources: Respiratory
Container/Tube: Sterile container
Specimen Volume: 5-10 mm
Collection Instructions:
1. Submit fresh tissue.
2. Keep tissue moist with sterile water or sterile saline
Acceptable
Specimen Type: NALC/NaOH-digested respiratory specimens
Sources: BAL, bronchial washing, respiratory fluid, sputum, or tracheal secretion
Container/Tube: Sterile container
Specimen Volume: 2 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Submit digested specimen treated with NALC/NaOH.
2. Clearly indicate on container and order form that specimen is a digested specimen.
Specimen Minimum Volume
Body fluid or nondigested respiratory specimen: 0.5 mL; Fresh tissue: 5 mm; NALC-NaOH-digested specimen: 1 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Varies | Refrigerated (preferred) | 7 days |
| Frozen | 7 days |
Reference Values
Not applicable
Test Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
87594
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| PNRP | Pneumocystis PCR | 89996-3 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| SRC63 | Specimen Source | 31208-2 |
| 81698 | Pneumocystis PCR, Result | 89996-3 |
| 24188 | Special Information | 48767-8 |
| 24189 | Report Status | No LOINC Needed |
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Microbiology Test Request (T244) with the specimen.
mml-Demyelinating-Diseases, mml-Neuroimmunology, mml-CNS-Infections, mml-Pediatric